ÐÏࡱá>þÿ JLþÿÿÿIÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿì¥Áq` ð¿ÈbjbjqPqP 5$:: (ÿÿÿÿÿÿ¤†††††††š8Vr4š"Gê²²ÈÈÈ;;;ÅFÇFÇFÇFÇFÇFÇF HhtJÊÇF†;“:|;;;ÇF††ÈÈË!ÜFA=A=A=;p†pȆÈÅFA=;ÅFA=A=ríETö�†]FȦ @,‹3‚ŽÇ;pAFÅFòF0"GOF>°­ï;ô>°­±Õ¹ó>°­†±Õ¹ó³ó;;´¡=;;;;;ÇFÇFã<^;;;"G;;;;ššš„šššššš††††††ÿÿÿÿ Physics Lab: Batteries in Series Name: ______________________ Objectives: By the end of this lab the student will be able to. . . 1. Hook batteries in series. 2. Use a DMM to measure voltages and currents in a circuit. 3. Understand the effect of reversing the voltage across a motor. 4. Understand how to determine and measure the voltages at different points in a circuit based on the location of the ground. Application to the Robot: This is a quick analysis of batteries in series. Series: Clip one battery to the motor. Note the direction and speed of the motor. Reverse the wires to the motor. What happens? Use wires and clips to attach two batteries in series as shown in the diagram below. Notice that you will be connecting the positive terminal of one battery to the negative of the other.  What is the effect of this connection on the motor? Why? Use the DMM as a voltmeter to confirm your conclusion. Change the connections to reverse the motor. Comment on the speed with this connection. 6. In a circuit, the ground (represented by a triangle) is the location where the voltage is zero. This location is chosen arbitrarily and serves as a reference point. The voltage (or electric potential) at any point in a circuit is measured with respect to the ground. What is the potential at A? Explain why and measure it. What is the potential at B? Explain why and measure it. What is the potential at C? Explain why and measure it.  7. What is the potential at A? Explain why and measure it. What is the potential at B? Explain why and measure it. What is the potential at C? Explain why and measure it.  8. What is the potential at A? Explain why and measure it. What is the potential at B? Explain why and measure it. What is the potential at C? 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